Final answer:
Acute rheumatic fever requires management with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and potential long-term prophylaxis to prevent recurrence, especially when heart involvement is present.
Step-by-step explanation:
Management of Acute Rheumatic Fever
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a sequela of streptococcal pharyngitis, involving immune-mediated damage to tissues such as the heart, joints, and nervous system. The most significant complication of ARF is rheumatic heart disease, which can result in permanent heart valve damage. Management of ARF includes eradicating the streptococcal infection with antibiotics, typically penicillin, along with anti-inflammatory treatments such as aspirin or corticosteroids to address arthritis and carditis. It is crucial for patients with a history of ARF to receive prophylactic antibiotics before dental or surgical procedures to prevent recurrence. Long-term management may require regular follow-up with a cardiologist, especially if cardiac involvement has occurred.
Due to the similarity in the initial presentation of ARF and other conditions, accurate diagnosis is essential. Signs and symptoms such as joint pain and swelling, fever, and evidence of a recent streptococcal infection can guide diagnosis and subsequent management. Monitoring of acute-phase proteins in the blood can provide additional evidence to support the diagnosis of ARF.