Final answer:
Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is confirmed through analysis of CSF obtained via lumbar puncture. Abnormal levels of PMNs, glucose, and protein indicate bacterial meningitis. CSF analysis is also used to diagnose other forms of meningitis and related conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is best confirmed by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained through a lumbar puncture. Abnormal levels of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), glucose, and protein in the CSF indicate bacterial meningitis. For example, high levels of PMNs (> 10 PMNs/mm³), low levels of glucose (< 45 mg/dL), and high levels of protein (> 45 mg/dL) are suggestive of bacterial meningitis.
CSF analysis can be beneficial in diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhage and central nervous system infections like meningitis. It can also be used to detect ongoing inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Additionally, CSF culture examination can identify the microorganism causing the infection.
Viral meningitis, tuberculosis (TB) meningitis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome are other forms of meningitis that can be differentiated through various diagnostic methods.