Final answer:
Hydrofluoric acid toxicity causes skin irritation, burns, and systemic effects like heart arrhythmias. Immediate treatment with calcium gluconate is necessary to neutralize fluoride ions and prevent further harm.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symptoms of hydrofluoric acid toxicity include pain, skin irritation, burns, and systemic toxicity potentially leading to heart arrhythmias or bone damage. Treatment primarily includes calcium gluconate gel or injections to neutralize the fluoride ions.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive acid, capable of interfering with nerve function and may not immediately cause pain upon contact. Its systemic toxicity can potentially cause hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia from binding calcium and magnesium in the blood. Severe exposures require urgent medical intervention, and treatments include calcium administration and, in some cases, surgical intervention to remove damaged tissue.
Prevention is critical when handling corrosive chemicals like HF, and adequate personal protective equipment should always be used. Immediate and thorough washing of any area that has come into contact with HF and subsequent medical evaluation are advised.