Final answer:
Erythema Multiforme is a mild hypersensitivity reaction with target lesions predominantly on extremities, while Steven-Johnson Syndrome is more severe with mucosal involvement and extensive skin detachment. EM and SJS differ from Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, which is caused by Staphylococcus aureus and presents with erythema and severe skin peeling.
Step-by-step explanation:
To differentiate between Erythema Multiforme (EM) and Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), it is important to understand that both are forms of hypersensitivity reactions affecting skin and mucous membranes but differ in severity and clinical presentation. EM is typically a self-limited condition and is characterized by target lesions predominantly on the extremities, and sometimes on the face, without significant mucosal involvement. In contrast, SJS involves a more severe reaction with extensive skin detachment and systemic symptoms; it is defined by epidermal detachment involving less than 10% of the body surface area, along with mucosal involvement.
When comparing these conditions to Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), which affects young children and presents with erythema and severe skin peeling similar to scalding, the etiologic agent is Staphylococcus aureus, and treatment involves intravenous antibiotics and fluid therapy. In contrast, EM and SJS are not caused by a single pathogen but are reactions that can result from various triggers, including infections and medications. As such, treatment for EM and SJS often involves identifying and removing the trigger, supportive care, and in SJS, sometimes corticosteroids or immunoglobulin therapy.