Final answer:
Sanctions are imposed to punish and discourage certain behaviors. They can be formal or informal negative punishments, such as expulsion or verbal reprimands.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sanctions are implemented as a means to punish and discourage certain behaviors when individuals fail to comply with established rules or norms. These sanctions can be categorized into formal or informal negative punishments, each serving as a deterrent for undesirable conduct.
Formal negative sanctions are typically more structured and involve official consequences. Examples include expulsion from college for violating the code of conduct or imprisonment for committing a crime. These sanctions are often imposed through established legal or institutional processes and carry significant repercussions.
On the other hand, informal negative sanctions are less structured and may manifest in social or interpersonal contexts. Examples range from disapproving looks for inappropriate behavior to verbal reprimands from peers or authority figures. While not legally binding, informal negative sanctions play a crucial role in shaping social behavior by reinforcing community norms and expectations. Both formal and informal negative sanctions contribute to maintaining order and promoting adherence to established rules within various societal contexts.