Final answer:
The Social Security Act of 1935 made the U.S. government more responsible for the economic welfare of its citizens by providing various forms of financial support, including pensions and unemployment insurance, highlighting the government's role in the public's social safety net.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Social Security Act of 1935 significantly altered the dynamics between the U.S. government and its citizens by establishing a system where the government took on greater responsibility for the economic welfare of its people. By creating old-age pensions for certain retired workers, which was financed through taxes paid by both employers and employees, and applying grants for states to develop unemployment insurance and aid for disadvantaged families, the relationship between the federal government and the citizens became more direct with the government taking active steps to ensure a social safety net for various groups, especially the elderly, during times of economic hardship.
This legislation directly impacted the economic security and quality of life of many American citizens, thereby making the government more involved in the welfare of its people and ensuring a degree of economic protection. Answering the student's question, the effect of this legislation on the relationship between the U.S. government and its citizens can be best summarized as option (d) It made the government more responsible for the people’s economic welfare.