Final answer:
Morphine sulfate is commonly used to manage ADHF and pulmonary edema, as it can decrease preload, afterload, and relieve anxiety. It works by dilating blood vessels and reducing venous return. Loop diuretics like furosemide are also used to reduce preload by increasing urine output.
Step-by-step explanation:
The drug that is used in the management of a patient with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) and pulmonary edema, which can decrease both preload and afterload, as well as provide relief of anxiety, is morphine sulfate. Although not a diuretic, morphine sulfate has the ability to decrease sympathetic tone, which leads to the dilation of blood vessels (reduction in afterload) and reduced venous return (reduction in preload).
The reduction in preload and afterload helps to alleviate some of the stresses on the heart while simultaneously improving symptoms of pulmonary edema. Furthermore, morphine's sedative properties can help alleviate anxiety, which is beneficial in this high-stress situation. Loop diuretics, like furosemide, are also frequently used in the management of ADHF as they can act on the loop of Henle in the kidneys, inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, leading to increased urine output and a reduction in blood volume, hence decreasing the preload.
Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic that can help relax the blood vessels, reducing both preload (the volume of blood in the heart before it contracts) and afterload (the resistance the heart faces when pumping blood into the arteries).By reducing preload and afterload, morphine sulfate can help alleviate the symptoms of ADHF (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure) and pulmonary edema, such as shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in the lungs.
The correct option is B furosemide