Final answer:
The prisoner's dilemma is a part of game theory that showcases the complex decision-making process individuals face when deciding whether to confess or remain silent after being accused of a crime.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario given is a classic example of the prisoner's dilemma, a concept in game theory that demonstrates why individuals might not cooperate even when it is in their best interest to do so. When facing the decision to confess or stay silent in response to an accusation of a crime, individuals must consider the consequence of their actions, which can vary widely based on the cooperation or lack thereof from their accomplice.
In the case described, the prison sentences vary: both confessing results in a moderate sentence, one confessing and one staying silent results in a light sentence for the confessor and a heavy sentence for the silent party, and both staying silent leads to the lightest sentence due to weak evidence.
Therefore, even if remaining silent yields the best collective outcome, the incentive to confess and receive a potentially lighter sentence typically results in both prisoners confessing, which leads to a worse outcome for both.