Final answer:
Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can lead to unilateral vocal fold paralysis, manifesting as hoarseness, and can also cause respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing or stridor, and difficulties with swallowing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve has several potential consequences due to its role in controlling the muscles of the larynx, which are integral to voice production and breathing. One possible outcome of such an injury is unilateral vocal fold (VF) paralysis. This condition can lead to symptoms such as hoarseness, as the affected vocal fold may not move appropriately, leading to an asymmetrical vibration and altered voice quality. Other symptoms associated with recurrent laryngeal nerve damage can include shortness of breath, due to compromised glottal function, and problems with swallowing, which may manifest as pain or a cough. Signs like wheezes or stridor may also be observed as a result of turbulent airflow through a narrowed glottis.