Final answer:
The four main triazole antifungal agents are fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. They work by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, thereby treating systemic yeast infections with fewer side effects than imidazoles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four main triazole antifungal agents used in medical treatment are fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. These medication are distinct in that they interfere with the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This inhibition leads to increased cell membrane permeability and ultimately the death of the fungal cell.
Fluconazole is often used for the treatment of systemic yeast infections such as oral thrush and cryptococcal meningitis. Itraconazole can be used for chronic infections and is also indicated for the treatment of nail fungal infections. Voriconazole and posaconazole are used for more difficult-to-treat fungal infections, including aspergillosis.
Triazoles are preferred over imidazoles due to their higher selectivity and fewer side effects. Their method of administration can be either oral or intravenous, allowing for flexible treatment of systemic fungal infections.