Final answer:
Normal urine output varies with age and condition, being one to two liters per day for older children and adolescents, while infants produce dilute urine. Oliguria and anuria are low urine outputs that suggest medical issues like dehydration or renal problems. In children with shock, urine output drops significantly, indicating a severe health risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
Normal urine output for infants and children varies, with infants producing more dilute urine due to immature kidneys. An older child or adolescent's normal urinary output typically ranges from one to two liters per day, with the minimum urine volume for eliminating wastes being about 500 mL/day. Low urine output, called oliguria, occurs below this level and may indicate severe dehydration or renal disease. Anuria, which is even less urine output or complete absence, can be seen in acute renal failure or nephritis.
In the case of children with shock, especially circulatory shock or hypovolemic shock, there is a considerable decrease in urine output, which is a critical indication of the severity of their condition. Urine output less than 1 mL/kg body weight/hour or drastic falls in urine output are significant concerns and warrant immediate medical attention to prevent worsening of the patient’s state. Treatments focus on restoring proper circulation and may involve administering intravenous fluids and medications to raise blood pressure.