Final answer:
Animal cells undergo cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow, while plant cells use a developing cell plate because they have a rigid cell wall. Golgi vesicles play a crucial role in forming the new plasma membrane in plant cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of cytokinesis is the final stage of eukaryotic cell division and it differs significantly between animal and plant cells. Animal cells form a cleavage furrow due to the contraction of a ring of actin filaments at the former metaphase plate, gradually pinching the cell into two. On the other hand, plant cells cannot form a cleavage furrow due to the presence of a rigid cell wall. Instead, Golgi vesicles coalesce at the former metaphase plate to form a cell plate, which matures into a new plasma membrane that divides the cell, followed by the formation of a new cell wall from the vesicle contents.
Animal cells and plant cells exhibit several differences, such as animal cells having centrioles, centrosomes, and lysosomes, while plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole. These differences largely account for the distinct mechanisms of cytokinesis in these cell types. The absence of certain organelles in plant cells, like lysosomes, and the presence of a cell wall necessitate an alternative method to divide the cytoplasm and form two separate daughter cells.