Final answer:
The document that outlines a project's common understanding, justification, and expected result is known as the scope statement. It includes a problem statement and considers client needs, competition, regulations, and resource constraints. This document also justifies decisions made during the project, including scientific choices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that provides a common understanding, justification, and expected result for a project is referred to as the scope statement. The scope statement is crucial in defining the problem statement, which is a concise description of the issue or need the project is meant to address. This document establishes a clear understanding of what the project is set out to achieve and identifies resources available to solve the project's challenges.
In project management, the scope statement is an important tool used to define the problem. It delves into the needs of potential stakeholders, identifies market positions of competitors, considers regulatory and technological constraints, and outlines available personnel, time, and financial resources. Moreover, the scope statement lays out criteria and constraints that are essential in steering the project's direction and decisions.
All elements of the design process, including the science connection, should be documented within the scope statement. It's essential to justify the decisions made throughout the project, and to clarify the scientific considerations behind the chosen solutions. The scope statement typically reflects factors and weights of requirements and constraints used to move the project forward.