Final answer:
Congressional powers that are not stated in the Constitution but can be reasonably deduced from those that are stated are called implied powers. Congress also possesses inherent powers that are essential to any functioning government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The congressional powers that are not stated in the Constitution but can be reasonably deduced from those that are stated are called implied powers. These powers are logical extensions of the expressed powers and are derived from the necessary and proper clause, also known as the elastic clause, found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. Implied powers are considered necessary for Congress to carry out its delegated duties.
Additionally, Congress also possesses inherent powers that are not mentioned in the Constitution but are assumed to exist because the country itself exists. These powers, such as controlling borders, expanding territory, and defending against internal revolution, are essential to any functioning government.