Final answer:
Vitamin C and vitamin A are essential for collagen synthesis and epithelialization. Vitamin C prevents scurvy and promotes intercellular cement formation while Vitamin A is critical for the maintenance and repair of epithelial tissues. Vitamin D, although important for bone health, does not directly contribute to collagen synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The vitamins essential for epithelialization and collagen synthesis are vitamin C and vitamin A. These vitamins play a critical role in maintaining the health and repair of tissues in the body. Vitamin C is a key factor in collagen synthesis, the main protein in connective tissue. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to scurvy, which is characterized by poor deposition of intercellular cement substance and delayed wound healing due to inadequate formation of collagen. Also, the gums may become swollen, and teeth may decay or be lost.
Vitamin A is crucial for the maintenance of epithelial tissues, and its presence is required for proper epithelialization, which is the process of renewing the epithelial (skin and internal linings) of the body. Lack of vitamin A can lead to issues such as impaired vision and problems with skin and mucous membranes.
It is important to note that vitamin D also plays a supportive role in bone health and the immune system, but its primary function is related to calcium and phosphorous absorption for healthy bones. Thus, while it is important for overall health, it is not the direct key vitamin for collagen synthesis.