Final answer:
A full-term newborn can digest and absorb essential nutrients like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals from breast milk or formula, and initially receives colostrum, which is rich in immunoglobulins aiding in gastrointestinal immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
A full-term newborn can digest and absorb a variety of nutrients crucial for their rapid growth and development. At birth, adjustments in the newborn's body allow for the digestion and absorption of nutrients from their diet which primarily consists of breast milk or formula in the initial days. An important component of early nutrition is colostrum, which is secreted during the first 48-72 hours postpartum.
Colostrum provides not only nutrition but also immunoglobulins that are key for establishing gastrointestinal immunity. As the infants' digestive systems mature, they can effectively absorb essential nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals from breast milk or formula, which promotes healthy growth and development.