Final answer:
The nurse should explain the various levels of effectiveness, convenience, and potential side effects of different birth control methods. Oral contraceptives should not be used by smokers, Depo-Provera has its own side effects, and IUDs are very effective but do not protect against infections. Option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most appropriate response to a couple asking about birth control methods and associated risks would involve explaining that different methods come with various levels of effectiveness, convenience, and potential side effects. For example:
- Oral contraceptives are very effective, with failure rates as low as one percent with perfect use. However, combined oral contraceptives should not be used by smokers over the age of 35 due to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The failure rate increases with typical use due to missed pills.
- The Depo-Provera shot is a hormonal method that is convenient, requiring injections every 3 months, but it can also have side effects such as irregular bleeding or bone density loss over time.
- IUDs are among the most effective reversible forms of contraception with a less than one percent failure rate. They may cause increased menstrual bleeding and cramps, and there is a slight risk of uterine perforation. IUDs do not provide protection against infections.
Ultimately, choosing a birth control method is a personal decision that should involve considering one’s health, lifestyle, and individual concerns, and discussing these with a healthcare provider.