Question

Cells that are responsible for lysis of virus infected cells, tumor cells, and allografts are:

Answer 1

Natural Killer (NK) cells and Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are responsible for lysing virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and allografts, with NK cells providing non-specific immunity and CTLs being part of the adaptive immune system.

Step-by-step explanation:

The cells that are primarily responsible for the lysis of virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and allografts are Natural Killer (NK) cells and Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These immune cells play crucial roles in the body's defense against pathogens and abnormal cell growth. NK cells provide non-specific immunity by recognizing and destroying cells that have abnormal or foreign markers on their plasma membrane, such as those presented by virus-infected or tumor cells. CTLs, which are part of the adaptive immune system, are specialized in killing target cells such as virus-infected cells by inducing apoptosis. Both types of cells also play a role in the rejection of transplanted organs due to recognition of non-self MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules.

Answer 2

The cells responsible for lysing virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and allografts are Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), also known as CD8+ T cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), a subset of T cells, are crucial components of the immune system responsible for identifying and destroying cells that are infected by viruses, transformed (cancerous) cells, or cells from another individual (allografts).

These cells recognize specific antigens presented on the surface of infected or abnormal cells. Once activated, CTLs release cytotoxic substances like perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis (cell death) in the targeted cells, effectively eliminating them from the body.

This mechanism serves as a vital defense against viral infections, cancers, and rejection of transplanted tissues or organs.