Final answer:
Federal and state laws in the U.S. address various aspects of PII privacy including its disposal, dissemination, and collection; hence all the options listed (a, b, and c) are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Federal and state laws relating to the privacy of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) encompass a wide range of protections. Federal and state laws in the U.S. address various aspects of PII privacy including its disposal, dissemination, and collection; hence all the options listed (a, b, and c) are correct.
Specifically, these laws cover a) how records containing PII can be disposed of, b) how and where PII can be disseminated, and c) what PII can be collected. Therefore, the correct answer is d) all of the above.
Laws such as the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulate the collection and handling of PII. They require that personal data, especially that of children and health information, is managed with strict guidelines to maintain user privacy and security.