Final answer:
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors are drugs that act on the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System. They work by blocking or reducing the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and promotes the release of aldosterone, to lower blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Three drugs that act on this system are:
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Examples include lisinopril and enalapril. These drugs block the action of ACE, which leads to decreased production of angiotensin II. This helps to relax and dilate blood vessels, reducing blood pressure.
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): Examples include losartan and valsartan. These drugs block the action of angiotensin II at its receptor sites. By doing so, they help to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
- Direct Renin Inhibitors: Examples include aliskiren. These drugs directly inhibit the enzyme renin, which reduces the production of both angiotensin I and angiotensin II. This helps to lower blood pressure.
Overall, these drugs work to block or reduce the effects of angiotensin II, which is a hormone that constricts blood vessels and promotes the release of aldosterone, a hormone that increases blood volume and sodium retention. By interfering with the RAAS, these drugs help to lower blood pressure.