Final answer:
A serious violation is a type of violation under OSHA standards where there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result. The maximum penalty for a serious violation is $12,500.
Step-by-step explanation:
A serious violation is a type of violation under OSHA standards where there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and the employer knew or should have known of the hazard. The maximum penalty for a serious violation is $12,500. This penalty is determined based on factors such as the gravity of the alleged violation and the employer's size of the business, good faith, and history of previous violations.