Final answer:
c. type 2 diabetes (pancreas and kidney disease) The single-gene disease among the provided options is Huntington's disease, which is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disorder that is a single-gene disease from the options provided is Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is an example of an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, caused by dominant alleles of a single gene on an autosome. The presence of just one faulty gene can lead to the expression of this disorder, which might often manifest later in life. Other genetic diseases such as osteoporosis, celiac disease, and type 2 diabetes are typically more complex and can involve multiple genes and environmental factors.
Celiac disease, for example, involves a genetic predisposition but is not solely caused by a single gene. Similarly, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis have multifactorial causes, including lifestyle and environmental components, in addition to genetic susceptibilities.
Huntington's disease is a single-gene disease that affects the nervous system. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that an individual with the disorder will have at least one faulty gene. The disease manifests later in life and progressively worsens over time.