Final answer:
In the context of newborn resuscitation, if initial face mask ventilation has failed, immediate progression to endotracheal intubation and/or CPAP, with possible administration of pulmonary surfactant, is crucial. These interventions ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation, which are vital for the survival and stabilization of the newborn.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a newborn is not improving after receiving face mask ventilation and there is poor chest movement with a non-rising heart rate (HR) despite corrective steps, immediate advanced assistance is required. In such emergency situations, the next step would typically involve endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. This is undertaken to ensure that the airway is secured and that adequate oxygenation and ventilation are provided. Additionally, application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) might be considered if spontaneous breathing is present but inadequate.
Medical interventions also may include the administration of pulmonary surfactant therapy, which has been proven to significantly reduce the rate of death due to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In critical situations, infants may also need additional therapies, such as corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen, and assisted ventilation, alongside supportive care inclusive of temperature regulation, nutritional support, and administration of antibiotics if needed.
When it comes to newborn resuscitation, every second counts, and thus any indication of poor respiratory function and HR calls for rapid escalation to more advanced measures to support the infant's breathing and circulation effectively.