Final answer:
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges. It is treated with anticonvulsant medications and potentially surgery. The correct answer is option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that refers to a chronic brain disorder characterized by paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges is epilepsy. Epilepsy is a neurologic condition where individuals experience recurrent seizures, which are bouts of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
These seizures can manifest as episodes of lost consciousness, involuntary muscle contractions, and other symptoms. Epilepsy may arise from various causes such as infections, brain injuries, or tumors and while children may outgrow this condition, for some it remains a lifelong challenge.
Stroke is a different brain condition, also known as a cerebrovascular accident or brain attack, which is caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. Factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking can increase the risk of stroke.