Final answer:
Both cladistics and Linnaean taxonomy categorize organisms based on shared characteristics; however, cladistics is focused on evolutionary relationships, while Linnaean taxonomy organizes organisms into a hierarchical structure based on physical traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The similarity between cladistics and Linnaean taxonomy is that both methods utilize a system of classification based on shared characteristics among organisms. In cladistics, these are known as homologous traits, and in Linnaean taxonomy, the classification is based on physical similarities. One example of shared characteristics in both systems could be the presence of an amniotic egg in lizards, rabbits, and humans, suggesting a common ancestor which places them in the same clade in cladistics, and often in similar taxonomic categories in Linnaean taxonomy.
Clades, identified through cladistics, provide a way of classifying organisms by grouping an ancestor with all of its descendants based on shared derived traits. Conversely, Linnaean taxonomy is a hierarchical system ranging from kingdom to species, developed by Carolus Linnaeus, which categorizes organisms based on common, observable characteristics. It is more structured with predetermined levels, such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, often denoted using the binomial nomenclature system.