Final answer:
Polarization refers to the division between strongly opposed parties or factions, commonly seen in U.S. politics, which can lead to divided government and legislative gridlock.
Step-by-step explanation:
A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by various factors such as ideology, policies, and power struggles, is often referred to as polarization. This concept is frequently found in the context of politics, especially within the United States, where divided government makes it challenging for policymakers to accomplish their objectives. Over the years, U.S. political parties have become more polarized, exhibiting increased internal divisions and hostility towards each other.
The country's history shows that factions can form over a range of issues including economics, religion, government policies, and social issues, with property and financial interests often forming the base of these divisions. The phenomenon of polarization is not new; it has roots in early American history, with significant examples like the conflicts over slavery that ultimately led to the Civil War. In contemporary times, governmental operations can be impaired by such divisions, sometimes leading to events like government shutdowns when compromise cannot be achieved.
The challenge of polarization signifies that people or groups are divided between two extremes on a given issue, causing a dichotomous situation where parties are seen as completely opposite and irreconcilable. This division within parties or between opposing factions can seriously impact government functionality and the enactment of legislation, often resulting in gridlock and impasses on important issues facing the nation.