Final answer:
Symbolic speech refers to forms of expression that do not rely on words but convey an idea. The Supreme Court has provided varying levels of protection for different modes of symbolic speech. Balancing competing interests, the Court generally favors individual rights but may limit protection in certain situations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symbolic speech refers to a form of expression that does not rely on words but conveys a particular idea or message. Examples of symbolic speech include wearing clothing with political symbols or raising a fist in the air. The Supreme Court has generally provided protection for different modes of symbolic speech, but the level of protection may vary depending on the actions involved. For instance, the First Amendment protects the right to express racist attitudes through words, but it may not protect the right to burn crosses to express those views, especially if other laws are violated in the process.
When balancing competing interests surrounding symbolic speech, the Supreme Court tends to lean in favor of individual rights. The government must demonstrate a compelling state interest before it can constitutionally limit First Amendment rights. For example, in the case of Texas v. Johnson, the Court ruled that burning the American flag was a form of political expression and protected under the First Amendment. However, there are exceptions to the protection of symbolic speech, such as when it constitutes a direct call to imminent lawless action or when it involves threatening or intimidating behavior.