Final answer:
The Supreme Court uses intermediate scrutiny to rule on gender discrimination cases, requiring a substantial relation to an important governmental objective.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court uses an intermediate scrutiny standard when ruling on claims of gender discrimination. This standard requires that any governmental gender-based classifications must be substantially related to an important governmental objective. For example, laws requiring admissions to single-sex institutions to be opened to both sexes, like The Citadel's case, reflected the application of intermediate scrutiny. It is a more rigorous standard than the rational basis test typically used for other forms of discrimination but less stringent than the strict scrutiny applied to race or ethnicity-based discrimination.