Final answer:
The 'surgical neck of the humerus' is a section prone to fractures near the base of the humerus's proximal end, often requiring surgery for treatment. It is a significant area due to frequent injuries and its structural configuration, pivotal in the arm's movement and muscle attachment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term surgical neck of the humerus refers to the region at the base of the expanded, proximal end of the humerus, near where it tapers to join the narrow humeral shaft. It is termed 'surgical' due to its commonality as a fracture site, which often requires surgical intervention. The head of the humerus is instrumental in shoulder joint movement, articulating with the scapula's glenoid cavity. Ligaments such as the coracohumeral ligament and glenohumeral ligament provide structural support, but their relative looseness allows a wide range of motion at the risk of potential injury.
Fractures to this area can be serious, leading to impacted fractures wherein the distal humerus is driven into the proximal portion. Given its vulnerability and the complexity of injuries that can occur, the surgical neck is a focal point for medical professionals treating arm injuries. The anatomical design of the humerus supports notable functionality in muscle attachment, but it also poses structural risks, particularly at the surgical neck.