Final answer:
Emphysema is a lung condition where the alveolar walls lose elasticity and form larger sacs, leading to decreased expulsion of air due to reduced pressure from surface tension. It is commonly associated with smoking and the loss of surface tension reduces the ability to exhale effectively, which can be measured to assess the disease's severity.
Step-by-step explanation:
When alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become overinflated, and eventually rupture, it is characteristic of a lung condition known as emphysema. This disease is often caused by smoking and results in reduced gas exchange in the lungs as the walls of alveoli break down. Normally, an alveolus is around 200 µm in diameter and possesses elastic walls that stretch during air intake, significantly increasing the surface area for gas exchange. However, in emphysema, the deterioration of alveolar walls leads to the formation of larger sacs, diminishing the pressure exerted by surface tension which is pivotal for exhalation.
A key aspect of the lung's function involves expelling air due to pressure created by surface tension in the alveoli. In healthy lungs, the fluid lining the alveoli has a specific surface tension that allows for proper pressure generation. Emphysema sufferers experience a loss of this crucial pressure as their alveoli merge into larger sacs, impeding their ability to exhale effectively. The pressure produced by surface tension in these enlarged alveoli decreases with increasing radius, presenting a challenge for those afflicted with the disease. Measuring the pressure and volume of air that can be exhaled is a common test to assess the presence and severity of emphysema.Emphysema is caused by damage to the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs that are responsible for gas exchange. The walls of the alveoli lose their elasticity, leading to the formation of larger sacs. This reduces the ability of the lungs to expel air effectivelyEmphysema is often caused by long-term smoking and can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath and coughing. Treatment for emphysema focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further damage to the lungs.