Final answer:
Near-misses refer to opportunities where potential interactions or incidents could occur but do not, helping to identify problems and reduce risks. In the context of Edward Hopper's 'Nighthawks', near-misses underscore the lack of meaningful connections between the characters.
Step-by-step explanation:
Near-misses are sometimes referred to as opportunities because they help diagnose a problem and reduce risk. Although the term 'near-misses' can apply to various fields, including health and safety, the context provided relates to Edward Hopper's painting 'Nighthawks'. The painting metaphorically presents near-misses as moments of potential human connection that ultimately never occur. The characters within the diner appear as if they might interact, but these possible interactions do not materialize, thus leaving a series of near misses and creating a palpable sense of isolation and disconnectedness among the figures.