Final answer:
To apply the correct voltage using a defibrillator during open-heart surgery with a resistance of 500 ohms for a 10.0-mA current, 5 volts are needed. A defibrillator passing 12.0 A of current for 0.0100 seconds moves 0.12 coulombs, equivalent to about 7.5 x 10^17 electrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the concept of electricity in physics, specifically regarding the use of a defibrillator during open-heart surgery. To determine the voltage needed to produce a 10.0-mA current through a 500-ohm resistance, we apply Ohm's Law, which states V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
The voltage is thus 5 volts. In terms of a defibrillator delivering a 12.0 A current for 0.0100 seconds, the charge moved can be calculated using the equation Q = It, where Q is charge and t is time. The charge is therefore 0.12 coulombs. The number of electrons involved can be found by dividing the total charge by the charge of a single electron, which is approximately 1.602 x 10-19 coulombs/electron, resulting in around 7.5 x 1017 electrons passing through the patient.