Final answer:
In an emergency department, a severe asthma exacerbation in a child would be treated immediately with a fast-acting bronchodilator like albuterol, administered via inhaler or nebulizer, and potentially systemic corticosteroids if needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an 11-year-old soccer player is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation, the emergency team would administer short-term, fast-acting drugs to quickly alleviate the symptoms. The frontline medication in such cases is typically a fast-acting bronchodilator, such as albuterol, delivered through an inhaler or for ease of use in young individuals and those who have difficulty with inhalers, through a nebulizer. Bronchodilators work rapidly to relax the muscles around the airways, dilating the bronchi and bronchioles, thus easing the passage of air and alleviating wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty in breathing. If these symptoms were accompanied by cyanotic lips or face, confusion, drowsiness, rapid pulse, sweating, and severe anxiety, immediate medical attention would be vital.
In cases where a bronchodilator is not effective, supplemental oxygen may be provided, and systemic corticosteroids can be administered to reduce inflammation in the airways. Treatment with corticosteroids helps to manage the acute episode and prevent further exacerbations. It is crucial to address the severity of the asthma attack immediately to prevent complications.