Final answer:
Osteomyelitis, a serious bone infection often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, can occur if a lancet used during a dermal puncture hits the bone.
Step-by-step explanation:
When performing a dermal puncture, if the lancet inadvertently hits the bone, the potentially serious and sometimes fatal bone infection that could occur is Osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone caused by an infectious agent, such as Staphylococcus aureus. This condition can be acute or chronic and may require aggressive treatment, including the use of antibiotics like nafcillin, cephalosporin, ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and sometimes vancomycin in cases of antibiotic resistance. Complications of osteomyelitis may include sepsis, thrombosis, or the necessity for surgical intervention to remove the infected bone.