Final answer:
The term for deliberate deception for personal gain or causing harm is a broad concept including plagiarism, cheating, military subterfuge, hacking, and identity theft, often justified by distorted morality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for deliberate deception done with the intention of gaining something of value or causing damage to another person encompasses a variety of concepts such as plagiarism, cheating, and misrepresentation of facts. These deceptive actions can take place in various contexts, from academic environments, where students may submit someone else's work as their own, to a military strategy where deception is a key element as described by Sun Tzu in 'The Art of War'.
In a digital context, hackers may use deceptive methods to induce clicks or obtain personal information, while in a more severe scenario, identity theft involves criminals using someone's personal information to commit fraud. Morality plays a key role in determining the justifications for deception whether it is seen in the context of harm to others as discussed in the technique 'The Denial of the Victim', or in a historical practice such as dueling.