Final answer:
Children with Down syndrome can have a shorter life expectancy due to health issues like congenital heart disease, weakened immune systems, vision problems, and a higher risk of cancer, all stemming from the presence of an extra chromosome 21.
Step-by-step explanation:
Children with Down syndrome may have a shortened life expectancy due to the associated health complications of the condition. Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. This genetic variation leads to a range of physiological and developmental challenges.
Some health issues associated with Down syndrome include congenital heart disease, which can significantly affect lifespan if severe and untreated. Additionally, individuals with Down syndrome can have compromised immune systems, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections and illnesses. Vision problems are also common, necessitating ongoing medical attention.
Another severe health concern is a heightened risk of developing certain types of cancers, such as leukemia. Although individuals with Down syndrome can lead successful lives with proper assistance, these medical conditions necessitate continuous healthcare and can impact life expectancy.
It is also important to note that while the risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases with maternal age, particularly in women aged 35 and older, many children with Down syndrome can grow up to be contributing members of society with appropriate support and resources.