Final answer:
Option (b), A Greater Palatine nerve block is required to anesthetize the palatal tissues around the left maxillary molar, targeting the mucosa and gingiva of the posterior part of the hard palate and adjacent palatal gingiva.
Step-by-step explanation:
The injection needed to anesthetize the palatal tissues around the left maxillary molar is a Greater Palatine nerve block. The greater palatine nerve supplies the mucosa and gingiva of the posterior part of the hard palate and palatal gingiva adjacent to the maxillary molars and premolars. Therefore, when dental procedures require anesthesia in this area, a greater palatine nerve block is administered in the hard palate, near the greater palatine foramen, which is generally located near the third molar or at the junction of the maxillary alveolar ridge and palatal tissue.
In contrast, a nasopalatine nerve block anesthetizes the anterior part of the hard palate, while a Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA) nerve block anesthetizes the maxillary molars except for the mesiobuccal root of the first molar, and a Buccal nerve block targets the buccal soft tissues adjacent to the mandibular molars. Note that neither the mandibular foramen nor the lingula are directly relevant for a palatal injection, as they are related to anesthetizing the lower teeth.