Final answer:
Quinidine can impair the biotransformation of lidocaine by inhibiting liver enzymes that are responsible for breaking down lidocaine. This can lead to increased levels of lidocaine and potential toxicity. the correct answer is c). quinidine .
Step-by-step explanation:
The drug that can impair the biotransformation of lidocaine is quinidine. Biotransformation of lidocaine predominantly occurs in the liver through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, specifically CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. Quinidine is known to inhibit these enzymes, which can lead to increased plasma concentrations of lidocaine and potentially result in toxicity. While meperidine and phenytoin may have various interactions with other drugs, they are not specifically known to impair the biotransformation of lidocaine to the extent quinidine does.
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that works by blocking Na+ channels, preventing the propagation of action potentials in neurons, thus leading to a loss of sensation in a specific area. This mechanism makes lidocaine an effective local anesthetic. For drugs like procaine, hydrolysis is a key biotransformation pathway that helps to deactivate the drug.
Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that is commonly used to treat seizures. It can inhibit the metabolism of lidocaine, leading to an increased concentration of lidocaine in the body. This can result in toxic effects of lidocaine, such as central nervous system depression and cardiovascular disturbances.