Final answer:
RNA carries genetic information from DNA, located in the cell nucleus, to the cytoplasm where proteins are synthesized. This process includes transcription of DNA into mRNA and the subsequent translation of mRNA by ribosomes with the help of tRNA and rRNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA and RNA function together as crucial components of the human genome to form a central part of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, which outlines the flow of genetic information within a cell.
DNA contains the hereditary material or genetic instructions and is stored in the cell's nucleus. The instruction for how to create a protein is passed to messenger RNA (mRNA) during a process called transcription. The mRNA then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes, along with transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), interpret this information and synthesize proteins in a process called translation.
RNA therefore carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm, where proteins are made, fulfilling the correct answer to the student's question, which is option B. RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm.