Final Answer:
Enzymes are formed by the monomers known as amino acids. Thus the correct optin is B. Amino acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate and accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. The monomers that form enzymes are amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds composed of a central carbon atom (C) bonded to an amino group (NH₂), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and a side chain (R group). The unique sequence and arrangement of these amino acids determine the structure and function of a specific enzyme.
Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are composed of polypeptide chains, which, in turn, are formed by the linkage of amino acids through peptide bonds. The amino acid sequence in an enzyme is critical for its three-dimensional structure, which ultimately dictates its catalytic activity. The specific arrangement of amino acids in the enzyme's active site allows it to interact with specific substrates and facilitate the conversion of reactants into products during a biochemical reaction.
In contrast, the other options (A. Glucose and fructose, C. Nucleotides, D. Fatty acids) do not form enzymes directly. Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides that make up carbohydrates, nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and fatty acids are components of lipids.
While these molecules play essential roles in cellular functions, they do not serve as the building blocks of enzymes. Amino acids, with their unique structural and chemical properties, are the monomers that come together to form the diverse array of enzymes necessary for the myriad biochemical processes in living organisms.
Thus the correct optin is B. Amino acids.