Final answer:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) affects the central nervous system by disrupting normal brain development, which can lead to cognitive, behavioral, and neurological issues due to damage to areas such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) has a profound impact on the central nervous system (CNS). This developmental disorder arises from alcohol exposure during the prenatal period, which can cause various brain abnormalities and CNS dysfunction. Damage to the CNS from FAS can lead to a range of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological problems.
For instance, alcohol can disrupt the development of the cerebral cortex, which is essential for higher brain functions like problem-solving, memory, and motor function. Similarly, the cerebellum, responsible for coordination and balance, can also suffer damage, leading to difficulties in movement and motor skills. Furthermore, barriers that generally protect the CNS from injury are less effective against the toxic effects of alcohol, meaning that damage induced during development can be significant and long-lasting. As the CNS acts as the body's master control system, any impairment can result in widespread physiological and neurological consequences.
Understanding the cause and effect of FAS on the CNS underscores the importance of avoiding alcohol during pregnancy to ensure proper neurodevelopment and prevent such detrimental outcomes.