Final answer:
In response to COPD, the body may increase red blood cell production to boost oxygen-carrying capacity, a condition called polycythemia, which has a downside of increased blood viscosity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition where the body increases the production of red blood cells (RBCs) in response to chronic low oxygen levels is known as polycythemia. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, can lead to this compensatory response. The increase in RBCs aims to boost the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. However, a significant downside of polycythemia is the increased viscosity of the blood, which can make it more challenging for the heart to pump blood through the body, potentially leading to additional health issues.