Final answer:
The missing word in the forming-storming-norming-performing model is 'adjourning', which refers to the team dissolution stage. Norming relates to how behaviors are standardized within a group, and reference groups influence individual behavior by providing standards for comparison. The correct option is d. adjourning.
Step-by-step explanation:
A useful model to describe how teams develop is the forming-storming-norming-performing-adjourning model, where 'adjourning' is the correct answer. Each stage describes a phase of team development, starting from the initial formation of the team (forming), through a period of conflict or'storming', to the establishment of norms and role clarity (norming), and reaching a stage where the team is effectively working towards its goals (performing). The final stage, adjourning, refers to the completion of the task and the dissolution of the team.
In the context of social studies, understanding group behavior and dynamics is crucial, as it reflects how individuals interact within a team setting, be it in a corporate environment, educational settings, or community groups. The dynamics of norming are also relevant when discussing standardized testing, such as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, where norming ensures consistent scoring and interpretation by providing reference scores.
Additionally, conformity to group norms can be driven by various factors, such as normative influences or informational influences, as seen in the Asch conformity experiments. In group settings, a reference group can significantly influence individual behavior, serving as the standard against which one measures their own actions and decisions.