Final answer:
Basic underlying traits or dimensions of personality include source traits and central traits. Source traits are the core elements that form a person's character.option a and c is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, a. source traits and c. central traits are considered basic underlying traits or dimensions of personality. Source traits are foundational characteristics that underpin an individual's personality, which Raymond Cattell later categorized through factor analysis into 16 personality factors. These source traits represent a range of behaviors and are seen as stable over time, forming the core of a person's character. Central traits, according to Gordon Allport, comprise the basic building blocks of a person's personality and are usually the traits that are most noticeable in a person's behavior.
Central traits are more general than cardinal traits, which define a person's whole being, or secondary traits, which are situation-specific and less consistent.Subclinical traits do not describe fundamental personality structures but rather refer to tendencies or characteristics that are often associated with clinical disorders but are not severe enough to warrant a clinical diagnosis.
Finally, surface traits are behaviors that are seen and observed; they are a manifestation of deeper source traits but are not the foundational aspects of personality. Hence, subclinical traits and surface traits are not considered basic underlying dimensions of personality. For example, extroversion or introversion might be a source or central trait, whereas preferring to spend Friday nights at home could be considered a surface trait reflective of underlying introversion.