Final answer:
The conductor that connects grounding conductors in a device outlet box to the grounding terminal of a receptacle is a grounding pigtail. Grounding ensures safety by providing a low-resistance path to earth, keeping metal parts at zero volts relative to the earth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conductor used to connect from the equipment grounding conductors in a device outlet box to a grounding terminal of a grounding-type receptacle is known as a grounding pigtail or grounding tail.
This conductor is often a green insulated or bare copper wire that provides a continuous path to ground, ensuring the safety of electrical systems. In the context of electrical safety, the grounding process aims to fix a conductor at zero volts by connecting it to the earth with a good conductor.
When proper grounding is in place, it acts as a failsafe system by providing a path with low resistance straight to the earth. This is critical, as it allows any fault current to flow directly to the earth rather than causing a potential shock hazard.
The green grounding wire ensures that both the appliance case and metal parts connected to the electrical system are at zero volts relative to the earth, enhancing safety. Illustrations like Figure 23.32 and 23.33 highlight the importance of proper grounding by depicting how a three-wire system with a three-prong plug offers protection through grounding.
Grounding plays a crucial role in preventing electrical shock, as demonstrated in scenarios where insulation may be worn, allowing the live/hot wire to contact the metal casing of an appliance. If the grounding is absent or broken, there is a risk of severe shock (Figure 10.45a). However, with proper grounding, a circuit breaker will trip in case of a fault, prompting the repair of the appliance and preventing potential injuries (Figure 10.45b).