Final answer:
The neurohypophysis, or posterior pituitary, stores and releases two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH), which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neurohypophysis, also known as the posterior pituitary, is responsible for the storage and release of two important hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone, ADH). These hormones are synthesized by neuronal cells in the hypothalamus. They are then transported down the axons to the posterior pituitary gland, where they are stored until they are released into the circulatory system in response to neural signals from the hypothalamus. It's important to note that the posterior pituitary does not actually produce these hormones, it simply acts as a storage site. In contrast, the anterior pituitary produces its own set of hormones, which are distinct from those stored and released by the posterior pituitary.