Final answer:
The correct answer is Numerical, which allows for even distribution of files across a filing system, unlike Alphabetical, Chronological, or Categorical systems that might be unevenly populated.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary benefit of a filing system that distributes files evenly is a Numerical filing system. Unlike alphabetical, chronological, or categorical filing systems, a numerical system has the advantage of distributing files more uniformly across the filing space. In alphabetical systems, certain letters may have more entries (e.g., many last names may start with 'S'), in chronological systems, certain periods may have more records if the entity being filed has periods of uneven activity, and categorical systems depend on the number of items in each category which might not be balanced. By contrast, a Numerical system typically uses a randomly assigned number or follows a sequence that allows for even distribution regardless of the content or frequency of the files.
For example, the taxonomic classification system mentioned, which is organized from smaller to larger categories (from species to kingdoms), is a type of categorical system relevant to biology rather than a file management system. This demonstrates how different systems are used in different contexts for organizing information.
The survey design question, asking about a strategy where four departments are chosen randomly and all employees within them are interviewed, would be an example of a Cluster survey design rather than Stratified, Simple random, or Systematic.