Final answer:
Encryption is the security method that scrambles data to protect it during transmission, making it the correct answer for ensuring the safeguard of transmitted information over a network (option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Network Security Methods
Encryption is a security method that scrambles or codes data as it is transmitted over the network to safeguard the information. Choosing between options a) Firewall, b) Encryption, c) Anti-virus software, and d) Router, the correct answer is b) Encryption. Firewalls are used to control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an applied rule set, anti-virus software is designed to detect, prevent, and remove malware, and routers forward data packets between computer networks. In contrast, encryption is specifically employed to protect data privacy by converting the original information into an unreadable form for anyone who is not authorized to access it.
For example, when you send a message over an encrypted messaging service, your text is turned into a coded message on your device. Only the recipient's device has the key to decode this message back into readable text, ensuring that no one else can read your message, even if they intercept the transmission. This process prevents unauthorized access and protects sensitive information during its journey across the internet or other networks.
Hence, the answer is option b.