Final answer:
Asking for parents' consent in advance for emergency treatment of a child is termed anticipatory parental consent, and it is a preemptive measure to ensure immediate care. In experiments, informed consent must be acquired from participants to maintain the ethical integrity of the research.
Step-by-step explanation:
Asking for parents' consent for emergency treatment of the child in advance is known as anticipatory parental consent. This type of consent is obtained before any emergency occurs, ensuring that the child receives the necessary treatment promptly without having to wait for parental consent at the time of the emergency. In a medical or research context, it is vital for individuals, including children, to have a guardian's consent before any treatment or participation in an experiment.
Before participating in an experiment, individuals must read and sign an informed consent. This document ensures that they are fully aware of the nature of the experiment, the procedures involved, potential risks, and their rights as participants. It is a necessary step that upholds the ethical standards of conducting research.