Final answer:
Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine are MAOIs contraindicated with tyramine-rich foods, serotonergic drugs, sympathomimetics, tricyclic antidepressants, and certain over-the-counter medications due to the risk of hypertensive crises and serotonin syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) that are used to treat depression. These drugs work by inhibiting an enzyme called monoamine oxidase, which prevents the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. MAOIs are contraindicated with several substances because they can lead to high levels of tyramine in the body, which can cause hypertensive crises.
They are also contraindicated with serotonergic drugs, which can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. Furthermore, MAOIs can result in severe interactions with certain medications such as sympathomimetics and tricyclic antidepressants, as well as some over-the-counter cold and allergy medications. Patients should also avoid certain foods that are high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses, cured meats, and fermented beverages.